Thursday 29 September 2016

SHIPPING NEWS FRIDAY 30.09.2016

We serve you  today’s Shipping News – Friday September 30,  2016 to keep you posted on the International Shipping and Air Freight Industry. We’re sure you will find this CNL interesting and informative. 

Air Freight News :

Ashgabat airport increases cargo capacity with new terminal.

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New air cargo facilities have been introduced in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan after the opening of a brand new international airport terminal.  Built on a 1,200 hectare site, the terminal incorporates 190 buildings with facilities for both passengers and cargo, as well as a new flight training centre and food preparation areas.
Operated by the Turkmenhovayollary State National Service, Ashgabat will be capable of handling 200,000 tonnes of cargo per year, with the new facility covering an area of 17,174m2. The cargo terminal includes an air cargo ramp with five aircraft stands, two cooling facilities and warehousing space. An ETV-system (Elevating Transfer Vehicle) will assist in cargo handling and transfer between storage areas and each of the four import and four export loading dock bays.
The cargo terminal will also house Turkmenpost, the state run postal service, with sorting halls and service rooms.  A new 3.8km runway has been constructed, while the existing runway has been refurbished and increased to the same length, allowing aircraft of all sizes to land and take-off on either runway.
Covering an area of more than 190,000m3, the main terminal building is said to have capacity for 14 million passengers per year and has been designed to resemble a falcon – Turkmenistan’s national bird – in flight. It also cost an eye-watering $2.3bn to construct.
Once the cross roads of the Silk Road trading route, the aim is to once again see the country become an important staging post, transforming it as a transit hub servicing the Middle East and neighboring countries including Iran and Afghanistan.
President Gurbanguly Berimuhamedov hopes investment in a new sea port at Turkmenbashi and a transnational railway line that provides direct access between Uzbekistan in the north, and Iran in the south will make Turkmenistan an important link between Europe and Asia.  Last summer, Lufthansa Cargo added a call at the airport to its summer schedule. Cargolux also calls at the airport
Accusations fly after consultation on developing Manston Airport as a cargo hub.
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The war of words over the future of Manston Airport in the UK south east has escalated with the current majority owner of the site claiming that results of an informal consultation were as “reliable as an election in North Korea”.
On Tuesday, developer RiverOak Investments, a US hedge fund, said an informal consultation it had carried out with around 800 residents in the Manston area showed that 90% supported its proposal to revive the airport as an airfreight hub, while 8% said they opposed the plan and 2% said they were not yet sure.
The results of the survey, carried out by lawfirm Bircham Dyson Bell, were dismissed by current majority owner of the site, Stone Hill Park, that said the informal consultation does not meet the standard required for a government development consent order (DCO).
It also said the consultation had been carried out by supporters of the scheme. There is also a dispute over access to the site with RiverOak claiming Stone Hill is not allowing it to enter.

Stone Hill Park say this is because parts of the site are owned by the government and no one is allowed access.   In July, River Oak submitted its plans for the airport, which will feature an airfreight and cargo facility with the capacity to handle more than 10,000 air transport movements of cargo aircraft per year.

SHIPPING NEWS THURSDAY 29.09.2016

We serve you  today’s Shipping News - Thursday September 29,  2016 to keep you posted on the International Shipping and Air Freight Industry. We’re sure you will find this CNL interesting and informative. 

Air Freight News :

ANA to offer new temperature-controlled technology option.

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                                           ANA B767-300 converted freighter

From later this week, Wednesday 28 September to be precise, Tokyo-based carrier ANA will begin offering a new temperature-controlled service on its flights out of Japan.

ANA will offer PRIO IB Fixed Temp, a product that employs ‘IceBattery’ technology developed by Innovation thru Energy Co of Japan, as a new element within its PRIO series of products designed for added-value cargo transport flown on international services.

The product will be available at various temperature range settings: of 2°C to 8°C, of -20°C to -15°C, and of -25°C to-20°C, ensuring a long-lasting fixed temperature in three container sizes (LD3 ULDs and two different sizes of chilled box).
If the temperature range is set between 2°C and 8°C, that temperature range can be maintained for more than 100 hours.

PRIO IB Fixed Temp. is suitable for various cargo types that require strict temperature control under refrigerated or frozen conditions, including vaccines and other pharmaceutical products, as well as chemical products and perishables such as seafood.

IATA seeks US anti-trust immunity to maintain Venezuelan airlinks.


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Alexandre de Juniac, IATA’s director general and chief executive
IATA has filed a request for antitrust immunity with the US Department of Transportation which would allow airlines to discuss options to maintain connectivity to Venezuela whose government refuses to release $3.8bn in airline funds.
Alexandre de Juniac, IATA’s director general and chief executive, said: “The economic situation in Venezuela is grave. And it will be made worse if airlines cannot maintain connectivity as the blocked-funds issue drags on.
“Despite years of effort by IATA and its members to resolve the issue, there has been little action by the Venezuelan government. We are now asking the US government to approve anti-trust immunity for discussions among airlines focused on maintaining connectivity while the blocked funds crisis persists.
“This is an escalation of the industry’s efforts to find a solution to this untenable situation.”
Venezuela and Nigeria top an IATA list of five countries blocking the repatriation of airline funds, a global problem which exceeds $5bn in total.
IAG and Finnair switch to bellyhold on London-Helsinki partnership.

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IAG Cargo and Finnair Cargo will no longer take space on DHL freighters between London and Helsinki, instead opting for bellyspace on passenger aircraft.
From October 3, the two partner airlines will use bellyspace on their Airbus 350 aircraft instead of continuing their use of DHL A300-600 freighters. The last freighter flight will take place on October 1.
Although the A350 aircraft have a capacity of 30 tonnes, compared with the A300 freighter's 42 tons, frequencies will be increased from two to five times per week, on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Sunday.
The flight will also now call at London Heathrow instead of London Luton.
"The new arrival times into London Heathrow and Helsinki will allow better connectivity for both partners onto their respective transatlantic and Asian network," an IAG Cargo spokesperson said.
SEA FREIGHT NEWS..

CCEA approves Project Saksham for CBEC to integrate IT system with GST Network

Business Line
To help with the roll out of the goods and services tax (GST), the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs on Wednesday approved a new indirect tax network for systems integration of the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC). Known as Project Saksham , it has total project cost of Rs. 2,256 crore which will be incurred over a period of seven years. “It will help in implementation of GST, extension of the Indian Customs Single Window Interface for Facilitating Trade and other taxpayer-friendly initiatives under Digital India and ease of doing business,” said an official release. Under the project, the CBEC’s existing IT systems will be integrated with the GST Network. This is required for processing of registration, payment and returns data sent by GSTN systems to CBEC, as well as act as a front-end for other modules like audit, appeal, investigation.

IWAI inks pact with leading ports for waterways development

Business Standard
In a bid to expedite inland water transport projects, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) today inked three separate pacts with Paradip Port, Mormugao Port and Dredging Corporation. These memorandum of understandings (MoUs) are meant to make use of the synergies, strengths and expertise of the port and dredging sectors to enable the IWAI to accelerate the development of the Inland Water Transport (IWT) sector as an alternative, viable and environment friendly mode of transport. "The development of Inland Water Transport is a priority of the Ministry of Shipping... To ensure the development of the National Waterways in a time-bound and effective manner, the IWAI in the presence of Nitin Gadkari, Minister of Shipping, has signed three separate MoUs with Dredging Corporation of India (DCI), Paradip Port Trust (PPT) and Mormugao Port Trust (MPT) on Wednesday, September 26, 2016," the Shipping Ministry said in a statement.

Madras Fertilizers to set up logistics park

The Hindu
The board of directors of Madras Fertilizers Ltd., (MFL) has approved the setting up of a modern logistics park that would include a container freight station, godowns and warehouses. A private operator has offered to make a one-time payment of Rs.117 crore as also a minimum revenue to the loss-making firm, in return for rights to set up and operate the park. Two years ago, MFL had appointed a consultant to conduct a feasibility study for the logistics park whose cost was estimated at Rs.290 crore. “We are taking several steps to revive the company,” said A.B. Khare, MFL Chairman and Managing Director while addressing the 50th annual general meeting. “This year, we will start production of the NPK fertiliser,” he said. Assuring shareholders of a marginal profit for the current fiscal, he said: “We have moved from the negative to the positive zone. This year, we expect a profit of Rs.12 crore.”

Bunkering at Mumbai Outer Port Limits to Resume at End October, Beginning of November

Ship&Bunker
A Mumbai Port Trust official Tuesday said Outer Port Limits (OPL) bunkering at India's Port of Mumbai is expected to resume by the end of October or early November, likely continuing until the start of monsoon season around the middle of May 2017, Platts reports. "We are still awaiting approval from customs, but it's looking very positive and will most likely start in the next couple of weeks," said the official. "We want to encourage bunkering as there are tremendous [bunkering] opportunities between the Gulf and Far East." OPL bunkering is noted to have been banned in Mumbai during 2015's fourth quarter of 2015, resulting in numerous vessels sailing down the coast to the Port of Kochi, which is said to currently have a bunker sales volume of 15,000-20,000 metric tonnes (mt) per month. Trade sources say the resumption of OPL bunker will likely lead to a 5,000-6,000 mt per month rise in sales volumes at Mumbai.

Shipping liners to issue multi-modal bill of lading

The Himalayan Times
Some of the shipping liners have agreed to issue combined bill of lading of Nepal-bound cargo from the port of loading to the place of delivery (Inland Clearance Depot, Birgunj). Till date shipping liners have been issuing bill of lading from loading port to destination port — Kolkata — the gateway port of Nepal for third-country trade. Shipping liners do not take any liability of goods after the cargo is delivered to the Kolkata port. As a result, Nepali importers have been compelled to bear all the costs that are accrued due to inefficiency of port and transit transport, such as detention charges and other fees. Under the initiative of Himalayan Terminal Pvt Ltd (HTPL), terminal management firm of ICD Birgunj, shipping liners like Maersk Line, Safmarine, among others have agreed to deliver cargo to ICD Birgunj. Normally, shipping liners issue bill of lading to the destination port but they were reluctant to issue bill of lading to ICD Birgunj as it has not been identified as an international port

Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited signs MoU with Railways

Financial Express
The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation and the railways have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to fix the target for various projects during 2016-2017. Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL), a government enterprise under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways, is at present carrying out construction of 3,342km eastern and western freight corridors for exclusively movement of goods trains. The MoU envisages laying down the target for various important activities of DFCCIL. It will also help timely release of funds for execution of projects, land acquisition and continuance of full assistance by the Ministry of Railways in deputing officials on tenure basis to work in DFCCIL. The MoU was signed on September 26 by DFCCIL Managing Director Adesh Sharma and Railway Board Secretary R K Verma.

ZIM announces Asia-US Winter Program

Hellenic Shipping News
ZIM announced today it will readjust its Asia-US services for the winter “slack season” as in previous years, between November 2016 and April 2017, in order to rationalize and streamline the services according to market needs. ZIM’s All-water main winter program services: · Zim Seven Star Winter service (Z7W), connecting Southern China and South East Asia including Vietnam to Norfolk and Savannah (the last sailing of ZIM Seven Star Service with the summer rotation will be BELLAVIA/24 ETA Da Chan Bay Oct. 30th, New York Nov. 29th) · South Asia Suez Service (SAS) covering Indian Sub-Continent and Thailand to US East Coast and Halifax · China East Coast (CEC) will add a call in Da-Chan Bay and will cover South China and Vietnam to New York. The winter program is implemented in cooperation with the G6 Alliance, combining 4 existing services. ZIM will deploy 3 X 8,400 TEU’s vessel as part of the program.

Abu Dhabi Ports and China's Cosco ink concession deal

Khaleeja Times
Abu Dhabi Ports signed a 'milestone' agreement with Cosco Shipping Ports Limited on Wednesday. As per the agreement, top container terminal operator Cosco Shipping has bagged a 35-year concession to build and operate a new container terminal at Khalifa Port. Cosco will establish a joint venture company to operate the Khalifa Port Container Terminal 2 and will have the controlling stake. It will be entitled concession rights with a renewable period of five additional years. UAE Minister of State and Abu Dhabi Ports chairman Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber said the agreement will boost bilateral relations. "This is a new milestone in our relations with China. The agreement will expand trade between both the countries," Al Jaber said. "With China's 'One Belt One Road' strategy, there is boundless potential for expanding the UAE-China relationship further.


Maersk Line orders 14,800 new reefer containers in 2016

Seatrade Maritime
Maersk Line has ordered 14,800 reefer containers in 2016 as part of an investment drive to replace older equipment and cater to future demand. The 14,800 new reefer containers will add to the 30,000 reefers acquired in 2015, lowering the average age of Maersk Line’s reefer fleet to 7.9 years, below the industry average of 12 years according to Drewry. Maersk Line has the world’s largest reefer fleet of more than 270,000 containers. The new reefers feature built-in Remote Container Management (RCM) technology, a key component Maersk Line’s plans to offer its customers enhanced supply chain visibility in 2017. “We continue to invest and modernize our reefer fleet to include the latest technologies in supply chain visibility and cargo care. “Reefer visibility only makes sense if applied to the entire fleet. So with more than 270,000 reefers in operation it has been a massive undertaking to get to where we are today,” she said.

Tuesday 27 September 2016

SHIPPING UPDATES DATED 28.09.2016

We serve you  today’s Shipping News - Tuesday September 27,  2016 to keep you posted on the International Shipping and Air Freight Industry. We’re sure you will find this CNL interesting and informative. 

Air Freight News :

New UN and WCO air cargo unit makes first bust.

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The World Customs Organisation's (WCO) and ICAO’s new Air Cargo Control Unit (ACCU) has completed its first drug seizure.
The ACCU, which was established by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as well as ICAO and the WCO as part of its container control programme, will be established at selected airports to detect illicit goods.
The first pilot unit was established at Karachi International Airport in Pakistan has so far seized a total of 4.6kg of heroin and 8.9kg of crystal meth concealed in marble handicrafts. Three people were arrested  as a result of the investigations.
“It is particularly rewarding for the international organizations involved that the pilot unit at Karachi International Airport successfully implemented the container control air cargo training, provided by trainers of the UK Border Force and WCO, and recently seized separately two shipments destined for Damman and Dubai,” the WCO said.
WCO, UNODC and ICAO will expand the Air Cargo segment of the Container Control Programme to other airports in Asia, Latin America and the MENA region.
The establishment of the air cargo control unit in Karachi was financially supported by the governments of Denmark and the US.
Dirk Reich planning to open consultancy offices next year.

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Former Cargolux chief executive Dirk Reich’s aviation consultancy is planning to open offices in Zhengzhou and Luxembourg at the start of next year.
The company, R+R International Aviation, will provide senior advice and investments in the fields of aviation, logistics, e-commerce and China with its current core activity being the promotion of cross border investments between the Henan province and Europe.
Dirk Reich holds the position of founder and chairman, while Julia Reich is listed as chief executive, Elke Reich chief financial officer and Axel Reich as the Germany representative.
Reports in Luxembourg Wort say the company has existed for some time but has now been reactivated.
Sea Freight News :

Cochin Port starts coastal shipping of cars

Business Standard
Cochin Port, one of the top 12 major ports in the country, has begun coastal transportation of cars, with carrier ship M V Dresden carrying 500 vehicles reached with first consignment. The Ministry of Shipping said, "The car carrier has circuit of Ennore-Cochin-Kandla-Cochin-Ennore, connecting the automobile production hubs in Tamil Nadu in the East coast and Gujarat and Haryana in the West of India. The ship has 13 decks with the capacity to carry 4,300 cars." M V Dresden is a foreign carrier of Cyprus registration, which has obtained licence for coastal run between the ports in India, and is of 177 metre length and 7 metre draft. The operator of the Car Carrier is SICAL Logistics based in Chennai, which is a leading player in bulk operations in many ports and operates a Coal Terminal at Ennore. "The operator will be carrying the vehicles of Renault, Ford, Hyundai and Toyota from Tamil Nadu and Honda and Ford from Gujarat. The operator is also targeting Maruti. The Steamer Agent of the Car Carrier at Cochin is Neo Logistics," the statement said.

How Gadkari’s Grand Ideas Are Reshaping India’s Transportation Sector

Swarajya
They say an idea can change your life. Small ideas often lead to larger ones and could usher in a revolution. The Industrial Revolution happened because of ideas – ideas on science, ideas on how the church was wrong, ideas on promoting knowledge and so on. Keeping all this in mind, it does come as a surprise when an Indian minister shows that he is open to ideas. Being open to new ideas is the first step in sparking major changes in lifestyle which impact everyday incidents and also have long-term advantages. Three ministers, Suresh Prabhu, Piyush Goyal and Nitin Gadkari, have shown that they are not against trying out new ideas; but among them, it is Gadkari, who stands out. Those who have travelled on the Mumbai-Pune Expressway would know what a stellar work of infrastructure it is. In 1997, former Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray had told Gadkari that Mumbai to Pune travel must not take more than three hours.

Trial run of GPS-monitored cargo truck between India and Bangladesh successful

India Today
Following the success of the trial run of the GPS-monitored cargo truck between India and Bangladesh, secure and smooth movement of cargo trucks will soon become a reality. In near future, cargo trucks plying between Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal will be cleared expeditiously as they will be closely monitored through a common GPS protocol and will be sealed electronically. Senior customs official said that following the success of the trial run, the Union ministries of Finance and Road Transport are now working out the modalities to put the system in place soon. This new system will ensure fool-proof security and will also ease traffic congestion at the borders. This will also make tampering with the cargo impossible. Earlier this month, a new chapter in Customs Cooperation between India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal was opened when cargo-laden truck from Bangladesh carrying readymade garments entered the Customs ICD, Patparganj, Delh.

DP World adds two new routes to Container Rail Road Services portfolio

Business Line
Global trade enabler, the DP World-operated Container Rail Road Services (CRRS), has added two new rail services to its portfolio so as to increase connectivity between Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) and Kanpur, and Mundra and ICD Bawal in Rewari district of Haryana. The services operate on eco-friendly and energy-efficient modes of transport which warrant reduction in costs through railroad, and further ease congestion at ports and national highways. Trucking solutions have also been introduced to enable easy movement of cargo to and from ICDs to the customers’ door step, said Anil Singh, Senior Vice-President and Managing Director, DP World Subcontinent, in a statement here on Monday. He said CRRS enables the company to go beyond the terminal gates, to get closer to its customers and offer services to their logistics chain.

Tax department issues draft rules on registration, invoice and payments

Indian Express
To prepare the groundwork for a smooth rollout of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), the tax department on Monday released three sets of draft rules and their formats relating to registration, invoice and payments under the new indirect tax regime. The Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) has invited comments on draft rules by Wednesday, which would be finalised by Friday. The draft rules provide for online registration by residents within three days of submission of application. Non-residents coming under the purview of GST will be required to electronically submit the application for registration at least 5 days prior to the commencement of business and shall also deposit full tax liability in advance. Registered taxable person shall display his certificate of registration and GST identification number in a prominent location at his principal place of business and at every additional place or places of business, the CBEC said.

Government to Jawaharlal Nehru: Lift extra import charges

JOC
Terminals at Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, India’s biggest container gateway, have come under fire from customs authorities for collecting “unauthorized” charges from shippers toward using the direct port delivery scheme meant to speed up cargo flows and lower logistics costs. The DPD procedure facilitates speedy processing of documentation and customs duty payment via a dedicated customs wing and has encountered many operational bottlenecks since its expanded launch in February because of additional terminal demands. "It has come to the notice of the department that port terminals are asking the ACP [accredited client program] clients to give a security deposit as a precondition of registration [for DPD services],” the JNPT customs directorate said in a public notice. “Port terminals can’t put an extra condition on DPD applicants from their side without approval of the competent authority.”

BBIN can be a game-changer

Dhaka Tribune
The three planned land ports under the Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal initiative will, if implemented properly, revitalise trade relations in the region and open up new vistas for Bangladesh. The proposed land ports in Sylhet, Rangamati, and Satkhira are strategically placed for the greatest trade benefits. The Bhomra port in Satkhira, for example, is close enough to Kolkata to drastically reduce import-exports costs between India and Bangladesh. Safe, economically efficient, and environmentally sound road transportation policies would go a long way towards cutting out unnecessary hindrances to trade in the region that the business community often faces. With lower transportation costs, improved facilities, and increased trading capacity, everybody wins. Greater regional cooperation between these four countries is imperative if the region is to prosper, and BBIN may have a chance to succeed in areas where SAARC has failed.

Exempt accredited warehouses from stock limits, says Sebi

Business Standard
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has written to the finance ministry seeking exemption for exchange-accredited warehouses from stock limits under the Essential Commodities Act. “We want warehouses registered with commodity derivatives exchanges to be exempt from stock limits,” said S K Mohanty, executive director, Sebi. He was speaking on the sidelines of a two-day conference on agriculture supply chains here on Monday. There are 1.4 million tonnes of warehousing space accredited with exchanges. Stock limits now apply in sugar and pulses. Among pulses, only chana is allowed to be traded on the futures market. Here too, launch of new contracts has been suspended because of a spike in spot prices. Sugar mills and traders face stock limits.

Land acquisition formalities hold up Wardha dry port work

Times of India
Union shipping minister Nitin Gadkari and chief minister Devendra Fadnavis both hail from Vidarbha. However, this has not helped the proposed dry port at Sindi in Wardha district. Gadkari had announced two satellite ports of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) at Aurangabad and Wardha. While the work on the former has started, land acquisition for the latter is yet to be completed. The Sindi port requires 350 acres of which 212 acres belong to SICOM, a government of Maharashtra undertaking. JNPT, in its board meeting, has already passed a resolution to provide money to SICOM in lieu of the land, but the hand over has not taken place due to some remaining formalities. Vivek Deshpande, a JNPT trustee from Aurangabad, told TOI, "We have placed tenders for building the compound wall of the Aurangabad dry port. The preparation of development plan is also in advanced stage."

SLPA warns against too much competition in Colombo

Container Management
As the tender process for Colombo’s East Container Terminal (ECT) enters its next phase, the Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) is concerned about excessive competition at the port. China Merchants operates the only current deep water terminal in the port, while an APM Terminals (APMT)-backed consortium and the port authority itself run the other facilities. At present, “the three terminals are competing and my view is that it is not a healthy situation,” SLPA chairman Dammika Ranatunga told the Sunday Observer. “I believe we need to do a concerted marketing plan, putting our strengths together and get more volumes in,” he added. The deadline for Expressions of Interest (EOIs) in the pre-qualification stage to build and operate the terminal was extended for the second time to September 22. “We have had preliminary discussions,” Ranatunga stated.

Government working to give services trade a reforms push

Economic Times
Worried by the shrinking trade surplus in services, the government is working on a bouquet of reforms to play to the country's core strengths of technology, leisure travel and medical tourism. The commerce department has circulated a cabinet note on domestic reforms to enhance earnings from services exports, detailing measures that can be implemented after due deliberations. "It is work in progress. There are services like IT, tourism, medical tourism, legal and education, which are not our jurisdiction...We can apply our mind but it is up to the line ministries,"said an official, requesting anonymity. The services trade surplus narrowed 9% to $5.36 billion in July from $5.88 billion a year ago. The department is calling for an overarching strategy dealing with services exports as it is an area of strength that the country can leverage as it enters into trade deals.

Maersk abandons mega ship ordering to focus on liner acquisitions

Sea News
AP Moeller-Maersk has revealed plans to stop ordering new containerships and instead turn its attention to acquiring shipping lines. Maersk Group chairman Michael Pram Rasmussen told Bloomberg that the company "is done with ordering new steel". He said no longer made sense to order new ships as there are already too many in the market. "So if we want to grow, we need to do it through acquisitions so that we don't flood the market with more ships," he said, Maersk Line still has 27 ships in its order book, corresponding to 12 per cent of its current fleet. The container industry's combined order book represents 17 per cent of the global fleet. "It has previously made a lot of sense when we went out and ordered specific vessels," Mr Rasmussen said. But "there's already a large order book in the market and at the same time, world trade isn't growing a great deal."
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Courtesy : ACI & IST.